Carras John Constantine
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    Carras John Constantine

    Associate Professor
    Department of Balkan, Slavic & Oriental Studies


    Academic Area

    --

    Curriculum Vitae
    Academic Titles

    --

    Research Interests

    Black Sea 17th-20th centuries, Imperial Russia, Soviet Union, Ukraine, trading relations, diasporic communities, confraternities and port-cities of Ukraine, Russian-Ottoman relations, religion and Enlightenment

    Teaching


    • HISTORY AND CULTURE OF SLAVES
      (Σ605-ΙΙΙ)

    Type
    ELECTIVE

    Department Abbreviation
    BSO

    Department
    DEPARTMENT OF BALKAN, SLAVIC AND ORIENTAL STUDIES

    Course Outlines

    Η περιγραφή του μαθήματος δεν είναι διαθέσιμη

    • HISTORY OF THE BLACK SEA AND THE CAUCASUS
      (ΒΣ507-ΙΙΙ)

    Type
    ELECTIVE

    Department Abbreviation
    BSO

    Department
    DEPARTMENT OF BALKAN, SLAVIC AND ORIENTAL STUDIES

    Course Outlines

    COURSE OUTLINE

    (1)     GENERAL

    SCHOOL

    School of Economic and Regional Studies

    ACADEMIC UNIT

    Department of Balkan, Slavic and Oriental Studies

    LEVEL OF STUDIES

    Undergraduate

    COURSE CODE

    ΒΣ507/ΙΙΙ

    SEMESTER

    5

    COURSE TITLE

    History of the Black Sea and the Caucasus

    INDEPENDENT TEACHING ACTIVITIES
    if credits are awarded for separate components of the course, e.g. lectures, laboratory exercises, etc. If the credits are awarded for the whole of the course, give the weekly teaching hours and the total credits

    WEEKLY TEACHING HOURS

    CREDITS

     

    4

    6

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Add rows if necessary. The organisation of teaching and the teaching methods used are described in detail at (d).

     

     

    COURSE TYPE

    general background,
    special background, specialised general knowledge, skills development

    General background

    PREREQUISITE COURSES:

     

    None, hard work

    LANGUAGE OF INSTRUCTION and EXAMINATIONS:

    English

    IS THE COURSE OFFERED TO ERASMUS STUDENTS

    Yes

    COURSE WEBSITE (URL)

    https://openeclass.uom.gr/courses/BSO237/

               

    (2)     LEARNING OUTCOMES

    Learning outcomes

    The course learning outcomes, specific knowledge, skills and competences of an appropriate level, which the students will acquire with the successful completion of the course are described.

    Consult Appendix A

    • Description of the level of learning outcomes for each qualifications cycle, according to the Qualifications Framework of the European Higher Education Area
    • Descriptors for Levels 6, 7 & 8 of the European Qualifications Framework for Lifelong Learning and Appendix B
    • Guidelines for writing Learning Outcomes

    Students attending the course will:

     

    • gain familiarity with the disciplines of historical geography and environmental history
    • gain an overview of the Black Sea and the Caucasus’ regional and political geography during the modern and contemporary periods
    • gain awareness of the Black Sea’s importance and integration in world economy and trade
    • understand the importance of (port) cities to development processes and also the relationship between cities and their fore and hinterlands
    • understand the geopolitical and economic features of the area
    • use English to debate and present material relevant to the course.

     

    General Competences

    Taking into consideration the general competences that the degree-holder must acquire (as these appear in the Diploma Supplement and appear below), at which of the following does the course aim?

    Search for, analysis and synthesis of data and information, with the use of the necessary technology

    Adapting to new situations

    Decision-making

    Working independently

    Team work

    Working in an international environment

    Working in an interdisciplinary environment

    Production of new research ideas

    Project planning and management

    Respect for difference and multiculturalism

    Respect for the natural environment

    Showing social, professional and ethical responsibility and sensitivity to gender issues

    Criticism and self-criticism

    Production of free, creative and inductive thinking

    ……

    Others…

    …….

     

    Analysis and synthesis of data and information, Team work, Decision making, Working in an international environment, Working in an interdisciplinary environment, Project planning and management, Respect for difference and multiculturalism, Respect for the natural environment, Production of free, creative and inductive thinking

     

    (3)     SYLLABUS

     

     

    Course description:

     

    The course will examine two proximate geographical regions: the Black Sea and the Caucuses and their interaction with each other. The focus will be on the those who dwelled around sea and mountains and those who moved across both as warriors, traders, migrants and refugees.

     

    The degree to which the ‘Black Sea’ was a closed lake during the Ottoman period, the Black Sea and the Caucasus as a source of contestation between Empires, the Black Sea and then the Caucasus as loci for imperial trade-globalization, questions of transport, the development of port and inland cities, the Greek communities of the Black Sea and the Caucasus, the Caucasus in the Soviet Union, and the role of both the Black Sea and the Caucasus as a frontier during the Cold War will be examined. The course will serve as a bridge between political, environmental and economic histories with questions of geography and movement always at the centre of attention.

     

    The course will be open to students with an interest in both history and culture and also politics and economics. It is open to all students, and Erasmus students are particularly welcome.

     

    Weekly Schedule/Outline:

     

    Week  # 1

    What is the history of a sea? Why the Black Sea?

    Week # 2

     

    Borderlands

    Cartography and control: charting nomads Cossacks, Armenians, Greeks, Tatars etc.

    Environmental approaches to history

    Assignment 1: Mapping the Black Sea

    Week # 3

    Peoples of the Black Sea and the Caucasus

    Mapping the Black Sea and Ukraine in literature: Gogol’s Taras Bulba

    Week # 4

    An Ottoman lake?

    Poland and Russia

    The Ottoman Empire, and Russian expansion to the Black Sea and the Caucasus (17th-19th centuries)

    Assignment 2: War or Peace debate

    Week # 5

     

    Movement and migration across the Black Sea and the Caucasus

    Businesses and port-cities: trade and urbanization

    Week # 6

    Globalisation and imperial modernization

    Assignment 3: The Port-City Project

    Week # 7

    The Crimean War and its consequences

    The Danube Question, the Straits Question

    Week # 8

    Caught between imperial powers: the Caucasian peoples

    Week # 9

    Christianity and Islam in the Caucasus

    The emergence of Armenian and other nationalisms

    Week # 10

    Peoples of the Pontus

    From the Ottoman Empire to the Turkish Republic

    “Gennocides”

    Week # 11

    Film and discussion: Elia Kazan’s America America

    Week # 12

    From Revolution to mass tourism: the Soviet Caucasus, the Soviet Black Sea

    Week # 13

    Soviet lake or Cold War contested border region?

    The end of the Soviet order

    Imperial legacies

     

     


    (4)     TEACHING and LEARNING METHODS - EVALUATION

    DELIVERY
    Face-to-face, Distance learning, etc.

    Face to face

    USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY
    Use of ICT in teaching, laboratory education, communication with students

    Use of ICT in teaching, laboratory education, communication with students

    TEACHING METHODS

    The manner and methods of teaching are described in detail.

    Lectures, seminars, laboratory practice, fieldwork, study and analysis of bibliography, tutorials, placements, clinical practice, art workshop, interactive teaching, educational visits, project, essay writing, artistic creativity, etc.

     

    The student's study hours for each learning activity are given as well as the hours of non-directed study according to the principles of the ECTS

    Activity

    Semester workload

    Interactive teaching

    26

    Seminars

    26

    Study and analysis of bibliography

    50

    Projects and essay writing

    18

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    (though this differentiation is arbitrary, and incomprehensible)

     

    Course total

    150

     

    STUDENT PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

    Description of the evaluation procedure

     

    Language of evaluation, methods of evaluation, summative or conclusive, multiple choice questionnaires, short-answer questions, open-ended questions, problem solving, written work, essay/report, oral examination, public presentation, laboratory work, clinical examination of patient, art interpretation, other

     

    Specifically-defined evaluation criteria are given, and if and where they are accessible to students.

     

    Assignment 1: Map (7.5%)

     

    Create your own map of the Black Sea. Remember the map is a narration, and it is your task to emphasise the elements/story you select

     

    Assignment 2: Debate (7.5%)

     

    You will be assigned roles as members of the Russian Court and other actors at a particular point in history. Based on your readings, you will have to debate whether you wish to instigate a war with the Ottoman Empire at this juncture or not.

     

    Assignment 3: Port-City Project (30%)

     

    You will be expected to work in teams and design a proposal for investment in a Black Sea port city of your choice. You will have to present your proposal in class and explain in what ways it will benefit the port-city and the Empire of which it is a part. A vote will be held to determine the best investment proposal. The proposal will also be submitted in writing. Detailed instructions will be provided at a later date. 

     

    If for whatever reason the student does not complete the above assignments, they can complete an essay in its place. You must consult the professor regarding the essay title and the essay length, which will depend on the assignments missed, in advance.

     

    Final examination or essay (55%)

     

    The final examination is a written examination. It will include a map, a series of terms or relevant quotations to be discussed and a brief essay question. Detailed instructions for the examination will be provided in advance. The professor will grade based on the content of the written answers, not the quality of the language used.

     

    If for whatever reason the student does not write an examination, they can complete an the map part of the examination and an essay in its place. The student should consult the professor regarding the essay title and the essay length and the language in which the essay will be written.

     

    Evaluation criteria

     

    The written work/examination should demonstrate that the student has understood the theoretical concerns and can comment on the material thoroughly and critically within a text that has structure and shows examples of understanding of academic writing (e.g. bibliographic requirements, structure, argumentation).

     

    Explanation of grade levels

     

    9-10: Excellent critical analysis and argumentation, very good use and understanding of sources, coherent structure, very good use of academic language and conventions.

     

    8-7: Good critical analysis and argumentation, good use of sources and understanding of sources, structure that does not create problems of understanding although it has weaknesses, moderate use of academic language and conventions.

     

    5-6: Problematic analysis and argumentation usually contains incoherent argumentation, description without attempting a critical analysis of the sources, e.g. emphasis only on describing empirical examples and showing only a basic understanding of the sources, structure without clarity and coherence that at least presents a general argument, moderate use of sources that does not contain plagiarism and respects conventions but presents language weaknesses.

     

    4 and below. No substantial attempt to use academic sources and wording e.g. use of secondary electronic sources, lack of source evaluation or methodology, or a clear argument, problems of understanding due to weaknesses in structure, plagiarism, lack of respect for academic conventions, and so on and so forth.

     

    (5)     ATTACHED BIBLIOGRAPHY

    • Ardeleanu, C. The European Commission of the Danube, 1856-1948, Leiden, 2020.
    • Baghdiantz McCabe, I. “Global Trading Ambitions in Diaspora: The Armenians and Their Eurasian Silk Trade, 1530-1750’, in Diaspora Entrepreneurial Networks. Five Centuries of History, Berg Publications, ed. by I. Baghdiantz McCabe, G. Harlaftis, and I. Minoglou, Oxford, New York, 2005, 27–48.
    • Barrett, T. At The Edge Of Empire: The Terek Cossacks And The North Caucasus Frontier, 1700-1860, Oxfordshire, 1999.
    • Bartlett, R.P., Human Capital. The Settlement of Foreigners in Russia 1762-1804, Cambridge, 1979. 
    • Berkes, N. Turkish Nationalism and Western Civilisation: Selected Eassays of Ziya Gokalp, Westport, 1981.
    • Bilder, P., J.H. Guldage - Petersen (eds), Meetings of Cultures in the Black Sea Region: Between Conflict and Coexistence, Copenhagen, 2008.
    • Carras, I. “Community for Commerce: An Introduction to the Nezhin Greek Brotherhood Focusing on Its Establishment as a Formal Institution in the Years between 1692 and 1710’, in Merchant Colonies in the Early Modern Period, ed. by V.N. Zakharov, G. Harlaftis, and O. Katsiardi-Hering (London: Pickering and Chatto, 2012), 141–56, 220–31.
    • Carras, I. “Connecting Migration and Identities: Godparenthood, Surety and Greeks in the Russian Empire (18th – Early 19th Centuries)’, in Across the Danube: Southeastern Europeans and Their Travelling Identities, 17th-19th Centuries, ed. by O. Katsiardi-Hering and M. Stassinopoulou, Leiden, 2016, 65–109.
    • Carras, I. “What to Expect When Expecting: Waiting for the Russians in the Eighteenth Century Ottoman Empire’, History of European Ideas, 2021, 1–15.
    • Chrissidis, N.A. “The Athonization of Pious Travel: Shielded Shrines, Shady Deals and Pilgrimage Logistics in Late Nineteenth-Century Odessa’, Modern Greek Studies Yearbook, 28/29, 2012, 169–91.
    • Fisher, A. The Russian Annexation of the Crimea 1772-1783, Cambridge, 1970.
    • Gammer, M. Muslim Resistance to the Tsar: Shamil and the Conquest of Chechnia and Daghestan, Oxford, 2004.  
    • Gerschenkron, A. Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective, New York, 1965.
    • Ghervas, S. “The Black Sea”, in Oceanic Histories, ed. David Armitage, A. Bashford and S. Sivasundaram Cambridge, 2018, 234-266.
    • Ginsburgs, G. “The Soviet Union and the problem of refugees and displaced persons 1917-1956”, The American Journal of International Law, 51(2), 1957, 325-61.
    • Harlaftis, G. “The Role of Greeks in the Black Sea Trade, 1830-1900”, in Shipping and Trade, 1750-1950: Essays in International Maritime Economic History, ed. by L.R. Fischer and H.W. Nordvik, Pontefract, 1990, 63–95.
    • Harlaftis, G., A History of Greek-owned Shipping. The Making of an International Tramp Fleet, 1830 to the Present Day, New York, London, 1995.
    • Harlaftis, G. “From Diaspora Traders to Shipping Tycoons: The Vagliano Bros.”, Business History Review, 81, Summer 2007, 237-268.
    • Harlaftis, G. “Maritime History: A New Version of the Old Version and the True History of the Sea’, The International Journal of Maritime History, 32(2), 2020, 383–402.
    • Harvey, M.L. ‘The Development of Russian Commerce on the Black Sea and Its Significance’, PhD. Disseration, 1938.
    • Herlihy, P.A. Odessa, A history 1794-1914, Cambridge Mass., 1986.
    • Herlihy, P. “The South Ukraine as an Economic Region in the Nineteenth Century”, I.S. Koropeckyj (ed.), Ukrainian Economic History: Interpretive Essays, Cambridge, Mass., 1991, 310-339.
    • Hitchins, K. Rumania: 1866 – 1944, Oxford, 1994.
    • Ilcev I. The Rose of the Balkans. A Short History of Bulgaria. Sofia, 2005.
    • Inalcik, H., D. Quataert, An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, 1-2, Cambridge, 1994.
    • Issawi C. The Economic History of Turkey, 1800-1914, Chicago, 1980.
    • Jones, R.E. “Opposition to War and Expansion in Late Eighteenth Century Russia”, Jahrbücher für Geschichte Ost europas, new series, 32(1), 1984, pp. 34-51.
    • Jones, R.E. “The St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences and the Development of the Black Sea Region (1773-95)”, in Literature, Lives, and Legality in Catherine’s Russia, ed. by A.G. Cross and G.S. Smith, Nottingham, 1994.
    • Kane, E. “Odessa as a Hajj Hub, 1880-1914”, in Russia in Motion. Cultures of Human Mobility since 1850, ed. by J. Randolph and E.M. Avrutin, Urbana, 2012.
    • Kardases, V. Diaspora Merchants in the Black Sea: The Greeks in Southern Russia, 1775-1861, Lanham, MD, 2001.
    • Karidis, V.A. “A Greek Mercantile Paroikia: Odessa, 1794-1829", in Balkan Society in the Age of Greek Independence, 1861-1917, ed. by Richard Clogg Totowa, 1981, pp. 111–36.
    • Karpat K. Ottoman population, 1830-1914. Demographic and Social Characteristics, Madison, 1985.
    • Karpat K. Social Change and Politics in Turkey, Leiden, 1973.
    • Kazarov, S. “Nahichevan-on-Don: Armenian Merchants and Their Role in the Commercial Development of the Azov – Black Sea Region’, in Between Grain and Oil from the Azov to Caucasus: The Port-Cities of the Eastern Coast of the Black Sea, Late 18th – Early 20th Centuries, ed. by G. Harlaftis and others, Black Sea History Working Papers, Rethymno, Crete: Institute of Mediterranean Studies, 2020, pp. 399–428 <www.blacksea.gr>.
    • King, C. The Black Sea, A History, Oxford, 2004.
    • King, C., The Ghost of Freedom. A History of the Caucasus, Oxford, 2008.
    • Michael Khodarkovsky, Bitter Choices: Loyalty and Betrayal in the Russian Conquest of the North Caucasus, Ithaca, New York, 2011.
    • Kolodziejczyk, D. The Crimean Khanate and Poland-Lithuania: International Diplomacy on the European Periphery (15th-18th Century), Leiden, Boston, 2011).
    • O’Neill, K. Claiming Crimea: A History of Catherine the Great’s Southern Empire, New Haven, 2017).
    • LeDonne, J.P. “Logistics, and Grain: Russia’s Ambitions in the Black Sea Basin, 1737-1834”, The International History Review, 28(1), March 2006, 1-41.
    • Magosci, P.R., A History of Ukraine, Seattle, 1996.
    • Mamedov, M., “Going native in the Caucasus: Problems of Russian Identity 1801-1864”, The Russian Review, 67(2), 2008, 275-295.
    • Mourelos, Y.G. “The 1914 Persecutions and the first Attempt at an Exchange of Minorities between Greece and Turkey”, Balkan studies, 1985, 2, 389-413.
    • Ostapchuk, V. “The Human Landscape of the Ottoman Black Sea in the Face of the Cossack Naval Raids", ed. by K. Fleet, Oriente Moderno, The Ottomans and the Sea, XX (20). LXXXΙ (81) (2001), 23–95.
    • Papelasis-Minoglou, I. “The Greek Merchant House of the Russian Black Sea: A 19th-Century Example of a Traders’ Coalition’, International Journal of Maritime History, 10 (1998), 61–104.
    • Plohii, S. The Gates of Europe: A History of Ukraine, New York, 2017.
    • Ponomariova, I. “Ethnic Processes in Mariupol and Russia’s Imperial Migration Policy (19th – Early 20th Century)’, in Between Grain and Oil from the Azov to Caucasus: The Port-Cities of the Eastern Coast of the Black Sea, Late 18th – Early 20th Centuries, ed. by Gelina Harlaftis and others, Black Sea History Working Papers (Rethymno, Crete: Institute of Mediterranean Studies, 2020), 235–58 <www.blacksea.gr>.
    • Riegg, S.B. Russia’s Entangled Embrace: The Tsarist Empire and the Armenians, 1801-1914, Ithaca, New York, 2020.
    • Rayfield, D. Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia, London, 2012.
    • Schimmelpenninck van der Oye, D. Russian Orientalism: Asia in the Russian Mind from Peter the Great to the Emigration, New Haven, Connecticut, 2010.
    • Schulz, O. “Port-Cities, Diaspora Communities and Emerging Nationalism in the Ottoman Empire: Balkan Merchants in Odessa and Their Network in the Early Nineteenth Century’, in Trade, Migration and Urban Networks in Port Cities, c. 1640-1940, ed. by A. Jarvis and R. Lee, London, 2008, 127–48.
    • Sifneos, E. “The Dark Side of the Moon: Rivalry and Riots for Shelter and Occupation between the Greek and Jewish Population in Multi-Ethnic Nineteenth-Century Odessa”, The Historical Review, III, 2006, 189-204.
    • Sifneos E., “P.M. Courdgis and the Birth of a Greek-Ottoman Liner Company: The Aegean Steamship Company’, in Following the Nereids. Sea Routes and Maritime Business, 16th-20th Centuries, ed. by M.C.  Chatziioannou and G. Harlaftis, Athens: Kerkyra Publications, 2006, 121–35.
    • Sifneos, E. “Can Commercial Techniques Substitute Port Institutions? Evidence from the Greek Presence in the Black and Azov Ports (1780-1850)’, in Istituzioni e Traffici Tra Età Antica e Crescita Moderna, ed. by R. Salvemini, Rome, 77–90.
    • Sifneos, E. and G. Harlaftis, “Entrepreneurship at the Russian Frontier’, in Merchant Colonies in the Early Modern Period, ed. by V.N. Zakharov, G. Harlaftis, and Olga Katsiardi-Hering, London, 2012), 157–80.
    • Sifneos, E. “Preparing the Greek Revolution in Odessa in the 1820s: Tastes, Markets and Political Liberalism’, The Historical Review/La Revue Historique, 11, 2014, 139–70.
    • Sifneos, E. Imperial Odessa. Peoples, Spaces, Identities, Leiden, Boston, 2018.
    • Suny, R.G. Looking toward Ararat: Armenia in Modern History, Bloomington and Indianapolis, 1993.
    • Martin C. Spechler, “Development of the Ukrainian Economy, 1854-1917: The Imperial View”, I.S. Koropeckyj (ed.), Ukrainian Economic History: Interpretive Essays, Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1991, 261-276.
    • Mazis, J.A. The Greeks of Odessa. Diaspora Leadership in Late Imperial Russia, Boulder, 2004.
    • Sydorenko, A. “Controlling the Straits: The Development of the Port of Kerch’, in Between Grain and Oil Form the Azov to the Caucasus: The Port Cities of the Eastern Coast of the Black Sea, Later 18th-Early 20th Century, ed. by G. Harlaftis et al., Black Sea History Working Papers, 3, Rethymno, Crete, 2020, 105–38.
    • Uehling, G.L., Beyond memory: the Crimean Tatars' deportation and return, New York, 2004.
    • Voutira E. “Post-Soviet diaspora politics: the case of the Soviet Greek”, Journal of Modern Greek Studies, 24, 2006, 379-414.
    • Yakovaki, N. “The Philiki Etaireia Revisited: In Search of Contexts, National and International”, The Historical Review/La Review Historique, XI, 2014, 171–87.
    • Zelkina, A. In Quest for God and Freedom: Sufi Responses to the Russian Advance in the North Caucasus, New York, 2000. 

     

    See also the open access journal Euxeinos: https://gce.unisg.ch/en/euxeinos

    And the closed access Jounral of Southeast European and Black Sea Studies https://www.eliamep.gr/en/journal-of-see-and-black-sea-studies/

     

    In addition, you may want to look at the novels by Nikolai Gogol, Taras Bulba and Michael Lermontov, A Hero of Our Time among many others.

     

    • ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΗΜΑΤΙΚΟΤΗΤΑΣ ΣΤΗΝ ΑΝ. ΚΑΙ ΝΑ. ΕΥΡΩΠΗ
      (Β508-ΙΙΙ)

    Type
    ELECTIVE

    Department Abbreviation
    BSO

    Department
    DEPARTMENT OF BALKAN, SLAVIC AND ORIENTAL STUDIES

    Course Outlines

    Η περιγραφή του μαθήματος δεν είναι διαθέσιμη

    • ΝΕΟΤΕΡΗ ΡΩΣΙΚΗ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ
      (ΒΣ505-ΙΙΙ)

    Type
    ELECTIVE

    Department Abbreviation
    BSO

    Department
    DEPARTMENT OF BALKAN, SLAVIC AND ORIENTAL STUDIES

    Course Outlines

    Η περιγραφή του μαθήματος δεν είναι διαθέσιμη

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